Karin Jooss, Ph.D. has served as a director since March 2019. Since May 2025, Dr. Jooss has served as Executive Vice President and Head of R&D at ImmunEdge. From March 2021 to December 2024, Dr. Jooss served as Executive Vice President and Head of R&D at Gritstone. Dr. Jooss previously served as Executive Vice President of Research and Chief Scientific Officer of Gritstone, from April 2016 to March 2021, and also served on the board of directors at Gritstone from April 2016 to December 2024. Prior to Gritstone, from May 2009 to April 2016, Dr. Jooss served as head of cancer immuno-therapeutics in the vaccine immuno-therapeutics department at Pfizer, Inc. ( Pfizer ), a public pharmaceutical company, where she was also a member of the vaccine immuno-therapeutics leadership team and served as head of the immuno-pharmacology team. Prior to joining Pfizer, Dr. Jooss served as Vice President of research at Cell Genesys, Inc. ( Cell Genesys ), from June 2005 to April 2009, and as Senior Director of Research at Cell Genesys from July 2001 to June 2005. She is on the editorial board of Molecular Therapy and the Journal of Gene Medicine and is a member of the Immunology and Educational Committee of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy and the Industry Task Force of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. Dr. Jooss received her diploma in theoretical medicine and a Ph.D. in molecular biology and immunology from the University of Marburg in Germany, and performed postgraduate work in gene therapy and immunology at the University of Pennsylvania. The Board of Directors has determined that Dr. Jooss is qualified to serve on our Board of Directors due to her extensive experience in the biotechnology industry.