Dr. Sarah J. Schlesinger served as Lead Independent Director from May 2023 to May 2025, at which point Mark A. DiPaolo was deemed to be independent. The Lead Independent Director s responsibilities included presiding at all meetings of the Board of Director at which the Chairperson of the Board of Director is not present, including executive sessions of non-employee directors and independent directors, consulting with the Chairperson of the Board of Director regarding agendas for all meetings of the Board of Director as well as contributing to and approving them, monitoring and coordinating with management on corporate governance issues and developments, serving as a liaison between the Chairperson of the Board and the independent directors, and if requested by major shareholders, being available for consultation and direct communication. In addition, the Lead Independent Director had the authority to call meetings of the independent directors.