Timothy J. Carstens serves as Executive Vice President, Heavy Mineral Sands (HMS) at Energy Fuels Inc., the leading U.S. uranium producer and a key player in rare earth elements and critical minerals. With more than 25 years of experience in the global mining and processing industry, Mr. Carstens has built a distinguished career focused on operational excellence, project development, and strategic expansion in high-value mineral commodities. He holds a B.S. in Mining Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines and an M.B.A. from the University of Denver, equipping him with deep technical knowledge and business leadership skills. Before joining Energy Fuels in 2022, Mr. Carstens held senior roles, including Vice President of Operations at a major rare earths and heavy minerals company, where he led the commissioning of advanced separation facilities that boosted production capacity by 40% and reduced operating costs through innovative process optimizations. His achievements also include spearheading multimillion-dollar brownfield expansions, securing environmental permits for complex projects, and fostering partnerships that accelerated supply chain development for critical materials. Recognized as an industry innovator, he has authored technical papers on mineral sands beneficiation and served on advisory boards for sustainable mining practices. At Energy Fuels, Mr. Carstens oversees the HMS division, driving the company's pioneering efforts to produce high-purity rare earth oxides from monazite sands sourced domestically. Under his leadership, the division has achieved commercial-scale production milestones, positioning Energy Fuels as a vital contributor to U.S. critical minerals independence while emphasizing low-cost, environmentally responsible operations that support the clean energy transition.